What is the Working Principle of a Single-Axis Module?

Category： Company Information

Time： 2025-05-06

Summary： Single-axis modules primarily come in two types: motor-driven and manually driven.

Single-axis modules primarily come in two types: motor-driven and manually driven. Their working principles are as follows:

Motor-Driven Single-Axis Module

Power Output: A servo motor or stepper motor serves as the power source. When energized, the motor shaft generates rotational motion. The motor can precisely control the angle, speed, and acceleration of rotation, providing the foundation for the precise movement of the single-axis module.

Motion Conversion: The rotational motion of the motor is converted into linear motion through a transmission mechanism. Common transmission methods include ball screw drives and synchronous belt drives.

Ball Screw Drive: The motor drives the ball screw to rotate. The nut, which is paired with the screw, is restricted by the guidance system and cannot rotate with the screw. Instead, it moves linearly along the screw's axis. The nut is fixed to the sliding table, thereby driving the table to move linearly. The balls roll between the screw and the nut, reducing friction and improving transmission efficiency and precision.

Synchronous Belt Drive: The motor drives the pulley to rotate, which in turn moves the synchronous belt. The belt is connected to the sliding table, causing the table to move linearly along the linear guide rails. The synchronous belt has elasticity, which can cushion impacts to some extent, and it offers faster transmission speeds and lower noise levels.

Guidance and Support: The guidance system, composed of linear guide rails and sliders, provides precise guidance for the movement of the sliding table. The linear guide rails have high straightness accuracy, and the sliders move along the rails, ensuring that the table moves only in the predetermined linear direction. The system also supports the weight of the table and the load, ensuring stable motion.

Position Detection and Feedback (for Closed-Loop Control): Sensors (such as photoelectric encoders or grating scales) monitor the position and speed of the sliding table in real time and feed this information back to the controller. The controller compares the actual position with the preset position and adjusts the motor's motion based on any deviations. This enables precise position control, allowing the sliding table to accurately stop at the target location.

Manually Driven Single-Axis Module

Manually driven single-axis modules typically use a handwheel or handle as the driving device. The operator rotates the handwheel or handle, which drives the screw or other transmission components to turn, thereby moving the sliding table linearly along the guidance system. This driving method is generally used in applications where high precision is not required, the load is small, and frequent rapid movements are unnecessary. The operator can manually control the position of the sliding table based on actual needs.

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